Reframing, rewiring and repair – On PDA , parenting, and finding peace

This post picks up from a recent Facebook post about singing, stimming, and choosing my battles (actually, not choosing to battle), touching on what it means to accept preferred behaviours—mine and my son’s—and the power of being present. A recent Uniquely Human Podcast on Neuro-affirming care and PDA brought these thoughts into sharper focus, so I wanted to reflect more here.

Looking at the title now, it could just as easily be a DIY home improvement post—and in many ways, it is. It’s about the rewiring we do as parents when we’re raising children who don’t fit into neat boxes. A personal repair.

From Pathology to Autonomy

Although I dislike the terminology of PDA (Pathological Demand Avoidance), the discussion struck a chord with me, particularly in the linguistic and diagnostic origins. Dr. Taylor Day pointed out that PDA is still a theorised profile, and that it’s the idea rather than the label that often best reflects lived experience.

Reframed as a Persistent or Pervasive Drive for Autonomy, the description feels closer to the truth. It shifts the focus from disorder to understanding. From behaviour to the influencing context. It invites the question—not “what’s wrong with this behaviour?” but “what is influencing this reaction?”

It’s Not Defiance—It’s Survival

Dr. Day spoke about PDA as a nervous system response: a cascading stress that affects the entire family. Not one trigger, but many, layered, compounding causes. A build-up in a hypersensitive system that’s on alert, that is fight or flight, freeze, fawn, overwhelm, and shutdown. All combinations of which can result in a state of chronic stress, often invisible, increasing over time, for both parents and children. She proposes it stems from insecurity. From my personal point of view, it has been panicking and not knowing what to do. And when that happens, demands and triggers of any kind can feel like too much.

The idea that some of our kids are “super sensors” feels closer to the truth. These are children (and adults) who are exquisitely attuned to tone, emotion, and stress, often without the capacity to regulate or respond in ways that look typical. And when they can’t comply, they get labelled as manipulative or defiant. It’s heartbreaking. They’re not trying to control the situation. They’re trying to survive it.

Reframing, for us

Dr. Day invited us to rethink how we make demands, and why. A child’s “big reaction” might be the result of years of subtle (and not so subtle) pressures, often unknowingly passed down by us.

In the same podcast, Dr. Barry Prizant asked: Who should really be teaching us? It is so easy for professionals to assume their way is best. Their language, their diagnosis, their model. But shared human experience is essential. As human beings, we all come with our own lens. Our own wiring. Lived experience is no less valid than academia. Lived experience doesn’t need a PhD to be valid. It’s valid because it has been lived, a space and truth beyond textbooks. It was refreshing to hear that acknowledged. And that’s where conversations like this matter. It is the bridge to better understanding, improved approaches, and pivotal and pragmatic steps forward in DIY therapy and empowered parenting.

Repairing the system, too

Looking back, so much of the early support we received was compliance-focused. Sit still. Tick the boxes three times consecutively to pass for normal. But at what cost? With hindsight, my neurodivergence is something I understand better now. This isn’t about blame. It’s about a review. About asking: Why did I think that was the right path? What parts of me were just trying to survive, too? Neurodivergence, Autism, and related challenges don’t discriminate. They touch every class, background, and IQ level. It’s not about capacity. It’s about support. There is no hierarchy. And there’s no universal “right way”—only ways that work (or don’t) for each individual. It is a phenomenon that we continue to learn how to approach, theorise, and try out.

Letting Go of “Normal”

The repair work I’m doing now is more about shifting the focus away from neurotypical benchmarks—function, assessment, normalcy—and asking: What actually helps him?

So many therapeutic models still frame success as compliance. We need to ask—what’s actually serving our child? Not what makes others comfortable. Not what ticks boxes or looks good on paper.

As my son enters the next phase of his life—physically the size of a man, on the edge of his teenage years—I think constantly about how the world can include him. He may need substantial support in daily life, but does that mean that life skills should be his priority? I’m more interested in developing his expression, communication, and preserving his youth. In nurturing self-advocacy. Of course, when safety isn’t the immediate concern.

He is where he is, in part, because of a larger inclusion problem. That’s why I keep doing this work: to keep changing how I see, how I respond, and how I show up for him.

Presence, Not Panic

One of the most powerful grounding tools Dr. Day shared was beautifully simple:

“Ask yourself, where are my feet right now?”

It’s so easy to live in the future as a parent, especially when your child’s future feels uncertain. What will happen when I’m gone? How will they cope? But anxiety steals the moment. And in the moment is where our children need us.

Instead of spiralling into all the unknowns, I try to focus on now. Enjoying our time together, and this sometimes means doing our own thing, but still checking in. Finding calm. This isn’t avoidance—it’s presence. And it’s powerful. It helps rewire my panic (neurological) pathways that have existed for a long time. It isn’t easy and it takes time, but the good news is that neuroplasticity can continue throughout our lives. Another leap of understanding in the field of neuroscience and neurobiology.

What really matters?

So instead of thinking in goals, guilt, outcomes, and “what should be,” I now try to think in contentment and connection. What helps my son feel safe? How can I support his autonomy? I turn to blogs, textbooks, and good news stories. And ultimately his behaviour tells me we are on the right track, for now.

Neurodivergent-affirming care starts with this:

  • Seeing the person in front of you as whole and worthy.
  • Understanding strengths and support needs, not just deficits.
  • Prioritising quality of life over performance.
  • Asking: Do they want to work on this? Not just: Do they need to?

This is respect and repair.

Not choosing battles—choosing peace

We hear a lot about “choosing our battles” in parenting. But maybe it’s time to step out of the battle altogether. If we see the stage our children are at, not as something to manage, but to meet with curiosity, then everything softens.

And it’s not just the child who needs care—we do too. Especially when neurodivergence runs in the family. Support needs to start with us, not end with us.

Uniquely Human Podcast

This podcast is full of insights—too many for me to cover here. I highly recommend listening to it. It’s one of those conversations that leaves you not with a checklist, but a shift in how you see things. And sometimes, that’s exactly what we need.

Agency, inherent yet fragile

Anxiety and agency are two concepts deeply entwined in our daily lives.

Our sense of agency is foundational to our mental and emotional well-being. It’s not just about taking action—it’s about choosing which action to take. Agency is about exerting influence over our environment and shaping our responses to the world around us. It’s an inherent part of being human, like sight, taste, and touch. However, like any other ability, agency can be impaired. Just as a physical impairment to one of our senses can disable us, losing agency can cause significant distress. This can result in burnout, anxiety, or even depression.

Anxiety is often that weight on our shoulders. It is a feeling of unease, worry, or fear about events that are about to happen. It might happen. Anxiety can be a natural response to stress. Sometimes, it signals that the body needs attention.

Agency, on the other hand, is our ability to make choices and exert control over our lives. It’s about taking action and feeling empowered to influence the outcome of events.

Fragile, yet inherent. When these two concepts collide, things can get complex. Anxiety can diminish our sense of agency, making us feel powerless and overwhelmed.

Reclaiming Agency: A Key to Mental Well-Being

Anxiety and burnout affect our well-being. Anxiety—particularly chronic anxiety—can significantly impact our ability to make decisions. It can also hinder us from taking meaningful action. In my own experience, I find that my sense of agency fluctuates. This is true both as an individual and as a parent/agent to my son James. It changes based on external stressors. The demands on me can feel overwhelming, and when burnout sets in, my ability to act diminishes dramatically. Click here to read my personal account of burnout.

Many neurodivergent individuals face this struggle. It is a continuous cycle of anxiety, stress, and exhaustion. This cycle ultimately leads to burnout. The resulting fatigue makes it hard to engage in self-care. It also makes it hard to rest or participate in social engagement. Over time, these unaddressed stressors can erode our sense of agency, leaving us feeling stuck and powerless.

The key to reclaiming agency is recognising our triggers. We need to allow ourselves time to recover, reflect, and reconnect. It is important to do this before we face the challenges ahead. It’s important to remember that this cycle doesn’t just apply to individuals; it affects entire communities.

The Cyclical Nature of Anxiety and Burnout

Prolonged anxiety can impair decision-making and worsen mental health, eventually leading to burnout or depression. This cycle isn’t just an individual struggle—it’s one that affects many people in the community, carers and teachers alike. The relentless pressure of unmet needs and demands can cause a profound sense of helplessness. This is especially true when it feels like there’s no time to step back and reset.

I often think of Virginia Woolf’s description of anxiety, where time feels so unbearable that survival seems impossible. These feelings aren’t new or uncommon, particularly among individuals who identify as neurodivergent. Anxiety and burnout can take a toll. They create a state where the ability to act feels paralysed. Even the smallest decisions seem monumental.

Strategies to Reclaim Agency and Overcome Anxiety


Action-based storytelling focuses on what actions we take to improve a situation. It avoids perpetuating a narrative of hopelessness. In the context of climate change, we can change the conversation. We can move away from impending doom and highlight stories of action. These can empower us to see a path forward and remind us that we can make a tangible difference.

Action-Based Storytelling and Engaging in Collective Action

Focusing on actions we’re already taking can be beneficial. This includes activism, sustainable practices, or little things like using a reusable straw when we can. These actions can help us feel that we are actively contributing to change.

Collective action helps individuals feel less isolated in their struggles and provides a sense of shared agency. This could be through online groups, social media platforms, or in-person meetups. For example, I’m learning Makaton. I am inviting others to join me. This amplifies our shared messages around inclusion. It also supports the well-being of children like my son, as well as other families.

Click here to read my summary of the Mental Elf podcast. The podcast discusses agency and action-based storytelling. It also covers anxiety and collective action from a psychological and climate-based perspective.

The Oldies and Goodies: Tried-and-Tested Techniques We Often Forget

  • Let Go: In times of burnout or anxiety, it’s crucial to simplify and focus on the essentials. Prioritise what really matters: nutrition, relationships, rest, and recuperation. By doing this, we create space for recovery without the weight of unnecessary demands.
  • Reflect: Identifying the triggers—both external and internal—that contribute to feelings of anxiety or burnout is a vital step. Taking time to reflect on your emotional and physical states can help you spot patterns and avoid further overwhelm.
  • Rest: Rest is not a luxury—it’s a necessity. For neurodivergent individuals, the mental and emotional toll of continuous anxiety and stress can be unsustainable. Regular rest is essential to restoring a sense of agency. You can achieve this by engaging in hobbies, spending time with loved ones, or simply taking a break.
Remembering Our Agency in a Challenging World

Our agency is at the heart of our mental and emotional well-being. It allows us to make decisions, take action, and feel empowered in an uncertain world. Anxiety, burnout, or eco-anxiety can strip us of this sense of agency. We may feel powerless in such situations.

The path to reclaiming our agency lies in recognising the importance of rest and regulation. It also involves engaging in action-based storytelling and participating in collective action. By doing so, we can ensure that we make meaningful progress. We can do this without sacrificing our mental health. Rebuilding our agency—whether individually or collectively—helps us take control of our lives and move toward a more sustainable, empowered future.